Assumes level cameras with the horizon centered vertically. Curved footprint edges are the rectilinear→cylindrical reprojection; the gold dashed rectangle is the tallest clean crop the rig can fill. The center camera’s 2–3 in height offset changes nothing at landscape distances (0.6° at 20 ft, shrinking with distance) — it only adds slight vertical parallax on close subjects. Gray checkerboard in extracted frames marks where a camera sees beyond what this panorama recorded.